Tvoršovice
labour camp for Jewish Mischlings · Tvoršovice, 256 01 Bystřice, Czech Republic
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Came late for roll call and ended up with a torn ear drum

Available in: English | Česky

In the summer of 1944, the Gestapo paid a visit to Karel Freund. They handed him a paper instructing him to come to the train station in České Budějovice on the 15th of August. The transport was headed for the Jewish Mischling camp in Bystřice near Benešov. Upon their arrival the prisoners were divided into the affiliate labour camps in the area, and Karel found himself in Tvoršovice (Sonderlager B). The camp was located on a military training ground. The prisoners slept on triple bunk beds in the stables of the local manor house. They would walk to work through the forests below Château Konopiště, where they built concrete ammunition bunkers. They were poorly equipped for the heavy labour, and they worked under constant surveillance of SS guards. The camp was organized in a military fashion, and even the slightest offense was punished. Karel arrived late for roll call once, and he ended up with a tooth knocked out and a torn ear drum. He is still deaf in that ear. Some of the prisoners had tried to escape. “There was a pond nearby the camp, and a group of prisoners managed to dig all the way there. But they were out of luck, because the area was still in range of the lights and the guards’ guns. We later discovered they had killed thirty-five men.”

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Karel Freund

Karel Freund

Karel Freund was born on February 16, 1925, in Halámky in South Bohemia in a mixed family. His father was Jewish, and his mother, who came from Vienna, had died before the war. In 1938, after the occupation of the Sudetenland, Karel, together with his father and his siblings, had to leave Halámky. The family split up and Karel was staying with various relatives and family friends. After 1939, the family began to suffer from the burden of the Nazi persecution. In 1943, Karel’s father was arrested and imprisoned in the so-called “Small Fortress” of Theresienstadt, where he died in April 1943. In August 1944, Karel was summoned to a transport bound for a labor camp for Jewish half-breeds in Tvoršovice, near to Bystřice in central Bohemia. In early May 1945, along with other prisoners, he freely left the camp and set out for a trip home. He spent his first post-war days serving Russian officers in the Zlatý kapr, (Golden Carp), hotel located on the square in Třeboň. Because of a love affair with a Russian medic, he got into conflict with an officer of the Red Army and he had to save his life by fleeing to western Bohemia, to Karlovy Vary, where he still lives today. Until his retirement, he worked in various restaurants.

Tvoršovice

Available in: English | Česky

Tvoršovice is a quarter in the town of Bystřice in Benešov District. During WW2 the village was appropriated as a military training grounds for Waffen SS Benešov, and local inhabitants were forcefully evicted on 31 December 1943. In 1944 a camp, (Sonderlager B), was established in affiliation with the nearby labor camp in Bystřice. The Nazis used the camp to concentrate so-called Jewish Mischlings and the husbands of Jewish wives. The official name of the camp was: “Sonderlager für jüdisch versippte Arier und jüdische Mischlinge auf dem SS-Truppenübungsplatz Böhmen.”

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