Terezín, Velká pevnost
židovské ghetto · Pražská 234, 411 55 Terezín, Česká republika
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Rumors were spreading in the ghetto all the time

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Eva Roubíčková, imprisoned in the ghetto with her family since 1941, recalls how in November of 1943, chaos broke out among the inhabitants of the ghetto as a result of spreading rumors about the possible release of the ghetto prisoners. People who were working outside the ghetto hurried back in the hope that they might be released. Eva wrote in her diary: “It started to rain. Our room has drawn together firmly as if our happiness depended on us staying together. Everybody said that it was impossible that they'd let us go home and that without it doesn’t make any sense. But at the same time everybody ran in the same direction, no one wanted to be left behind. Naturally, we couldn't get far before everything stopped. Then we went two steps back and we stood again for half an hour. It went on like this until nine o'clock in the evening and we still didn't know whether they had let a living soul into the ghetto. Children were crying because they had lost their mother, older people were falling down like flies because after fourteen hours of marching they were no longer able to go on.” In fact, the whole exercise served only the purpose of counting the inmates and Eva adds: “In the ghetto rumors would constantly spread, rumors about the things to come. Someone made something up and passed it on right away. At lightning speed it would spread around the ghetto. Nobody would say: ‘I heard something’. Everybody was like: ‘I know this for certain.’”

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Eva Roubíčková

Eva Roubíčková

Eva Roubíčková, née Mändel, was born in 1921 in Žatec in a German-speaking Jewish family. Her father - a veteran of World War I - taught Latin and Greek at a secondary school. At the time of the Munich crisis, the anti-Jewish sentiment intensified in the predominantly German Žatec, and thus the family had to leave the city and live in much more modest conditions in Prague. Their plan to leave the country failed in 1939 and Eva didn’t escape the transport to the Theresienstadt ghetto with the whole family in December 1941. In the ghetto, she began working in farming and this saved her from the transports to the east. This, unfortunately, wasn't true for her parents and her grandmother, who left on a transport in the fall of 1944. When Eva realized that she had stayed alone in Theresienstadt, she volunteered for a transport as well but her transport didn’t leave Theresienstadt anymore because the transports were stopped. During almost the entire stay in Theresienstadt, (until the fall of 1944, when her family left), she kept writing a diary in which she vividly captured the reality of Theresienstadt, as well as her own experiences. Her Theresienstadt diary was first published in Czech in 2009. Unlike her parents, Eva lived to see the end of the war. After returning home, she married Richard Roubíček, her pre-war fiancé and a soldier of the western army.

Terezín, Velká pevnost

Dostupné v: English | Česky | Deutsch

Pevnost byla založena v roce 1780 Josefem II. Skládala se ze dvou částí – Hlavní a Malé pevnosti. V Hlavní pevnosti zřídili nacisté v listopadu 1941 židovské ghetto, civilní obyvatelstvo se muselo vystěhovat. Za sebemenší provinění byli obyvatelé ghetta posíláni do Malé pevnosti, což se pro Žida prakticky rovnalo rozsudku smrti, nebo byli zařazeni do transportu na Východ. Pro tyto účely nacisté zřídili zvláštní železniční vlečku, která vedla z blízkého nádraží Bohušovice nad Ohří. Přímo z města byly vypravovány transporty do likvidačních táborů smrti Osvětim, Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno a dalších. Z celkového počtu 87 tisíc lidí (63 transportů) se vrátilo asi 3600.

Terezín, Velká pevnost

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