Dunkirk
Strategic port during the Second World War · 17 Rue Jean Jaurès, 59140 Dunkirk, France
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I tried to see the enemy

Available in: English | Česky

The brigade of Jiří Horák arrived at Dunkirk in the beginning of October 1944 – a month after leaving England. This was due to a disagreement between the British and the Czechoslovak command. Jiří Horák served in a reconnaissance tank in the siege of the port: "the task of the tank was to accompany the infantry units and to support them. They gave us the targets; an infantryman would come for example and tell us about a machine gun nest. I located that nest on the map and gave an order over the phone to the sniper so that he knew what to shoot at." Horák wasn't only part of his tank crew, but he also served on the observation posts that were mostly set up on the roofs of abandoned buildings. "I came to the observation post in the evening and stayed all night there, the next day and the next night again. Then, in the morning somebody would come and relieve me. I would sit there, under the roof, and observe the situation through an opening between the tiles. You had to try to see the enemy. You knew that there was an infantry unit in front of you and you had to watch what was happening behind it." Mr. Horák passed on the information that he acquired through observation via telephone to an artillery battery. Mr. Horák also worked in a computing center which received aerial photographs every morning and prepared the firing operations. "Once I went on foot with a note taker, a radio operator and a telephone operator. When we were crossing one channel, we accidentally drowned the radio. We wanted to cross the channel on a raft and that boy, who was rather clumsy, fell from it and drowned the radio. When we came to the observation post, we found out that there was no telephone connection, so I had to go back along the wire and repair the line. When I was on my way back, a sniper started to shoot at me. I jumped into a trench and kept my head down. I heard the bullets hitting the ground around me. I poked out my helmet and he shot. I did it for a second time and he shot again ... I jumped up and quickly ran for cover behind a house." One of the boldest feats Mr. Horák did accomplish was the rescue of an encircled British unit with a severely wounded soldier. Mr. Horák perfectly knew the terrain and he led that unit out of the encirclement. For this accomplishment, he received – among other things – the medal of valor in the face of the enemy.

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Jiří Horák

Jiří Horák

He was born on July 27, 1919, in Poděbrady. In 1938, he graduated and at the wish of his father went to England in order to learn the language and gain experience for the management of the family business. On March 15, 1939, he joined the Czechoslovak Embassy in London as a volunteer of the future Czechoslovak army. In May 1940, he was drafted into the army for service. He went on a transport of volunteers to the fortress of Agde in France, where the 1st Czechoslovak Division was set up. After the fall of Paris in June 1940, he was evacuated by a ferry to England together with the other Czechoslovak soldiers. Soon Horák began his artillery training in Morton Morell. After completing this, he applied and was selected to a paratrooper training which he completed in 1942. On 30 August 1944, as a member of the Czechoslovak Armored Brigade, he embarked on a transport ship in London and sailed across the English Channel to the French coast. Because of disagreements between the British and the Czechoslovak command, the brigade only got to Dunkirk in the beginning of October 1944. At Dunkirk, Horák commanded a reconnaissance tank and distinguished himself in action, by saving British troops from German encirclement. After the surrender of the German garrison in Dunkirk, he was moved to Czechoslovakia. Horák received three high military decorations: the Czechoslovak War Cross, the Czechoslovak Medal of valor in the face of the enemy and the Medal of Merit. After the war, he wanted to return to the family glassworks, but they were nationalized by the Communists in 1948 and hence Horák had to make a living in a variety of ways. He worked as a cleaner of lathe mats and later as a truck driver. After 1990, the state returned him his family property in a desolate condition and with unclear legal obligations.

Dunkirk

Available in: English | Česky

Dunkirk is a French port that was the staging place of a major battle during a German offensive in WWII (1940).This strategic port was used to evacuate over 300,000 soldiers to England. The operation to recapture Dunkirk started on October 7, 1944. However, the Germans fortified the city and withstood the Allied attacks until May 9, 1945. During the siege an important role was played by the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade. The German general eventually surrendered to the commander of the Czechoslovak brigade group, Brigade General Alois Liška.

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