Ravensbrück

Nazi concentration camp for women · Himmelpforter Landstraße, 16798 Fürstenberg/Havel, Germany

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I Ran Away from the Death March

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Libuše Nachtmannová spent more than three years in Ravensbrück. During that time thousands of women died from typhus there. The Germans finally had to start to vaccinate the prisoners, to avoid the epidemic. Some women did not believe it was really a vaccination and did not want to vaccinate themselves. Many of them died later. At the end of the war a death march was dispatched from the camp. In that time, the prisoners did not have to wear the striped prison uniforms, but casual civil clothes with a white cross on the front and on the back. When an order about the transfer came, Libuše Nachtmannová and her friends had already had their clothes prepared and painted the crosses with toothpaste. At one point during the march there was a chaos, those women crumbled the toothpaste away and in that moment the prisoners became the civilians.

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PhMr. Libuše Nachtmannová

Libuše Nachtmannová, born Marianová, was born on January 9, 1919, in Roudnice nad Labem. She went to elementary and grammar school in Roudnice nad Labem, where she passed her school leaving exam in 1938. She was in the Scout and Sokol youth organizations. In September 1938 she started her university studies in the field of pharmaceutics in Prague, but had to interrupt her studies in the fall of 1939, when the universities were closed down. After that she worked in Prague in a German company. In 1939 she was invited to join the underground resistance movement Defense of the Nation, (DN). Her task was to organize the transfer of radios and their operators to new places. She also accompanied members of the DN who were fleeing from Czechoslovakia. Libuše Nachtmannová was arrested in a counterstrike of the Gestapo at the DN in October 1941, in which the DN was crushed. After several interrogations she was sent to the concentration camp Ravensbrück, where she stayed till the end of the war. She was on the so-called death march, from which she managed to escape. After the war she got married and had a son. She also managed to finish her pharmaceutics studies and since 1949 till her retirement worked in the Research institute for plant processing in Prague-Ruzyně.

Ravensbrück

Available in: English | Česky

From the time the camp was built in 1938 till the end of the war, in this concentration camp there were more than 130,000 female prisoners, out of which 92,000 did not survive the war. The women came from the whole of Europe that was occupied by the Nazis, beside others from Lidice. The women had to work hard in the camp and were the victims of medical experiences and forcible sterilization. They were killed by the shots to the back of the head or phenol injections. In 1945 they built a gas chamber in the camp. In the camp 560 children were officially born, and only a hundred survived.